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French Articles

Welcome to the French Monthly, the free Internet newsletter from Transparent Language. It's our way of helping you practice your language skills, as you learn about the culture of France and other Francophone regions.

This month, we examine two elements of French that are absolutely indispensable if you want to speak like a native: slang and idioms. These are colorful words and expressions that cannot be translated literally (Imagine a French speaker trying to make sense of English idioms like "he has a screw loose" or "it's a piece of cake"!). Yet, learning these is the secret to achieving true fluency ... it's the difference between "textbook" and "real-world" language. If you're not yet familiar with any French slang words or idiomatic expressions, prepare yourself. You may be surprised at how fascinating-and fun-they can be to learn and to use. Best of all, learning about slang and idioms will add a new dimension to your language skills!

Sincerely,
Transparent Language
www.transparent.com

CLARIFICATION:
In our January French Monthly Newsletter, Nikola Tesla was listed as a Hungarian Scientist. Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia in 1856, which was then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was of Serbian descent and lived in the United States after 1884.


En français:

Les idiotismes d'une langue trouvent leur origine dans toute l'histoire culturelle des gens qui parlent cette langue. Un aspect de la vie qui n'existe plus peut rester courant dans des expressions populaires. La France est aujourd'hui un pays industrialisé, mais ce n'était pas toujours le cas. Pour apprécier les origines agricoles de la France moderne, il suffit d'écouter plusieurs idiotismes français.

Si un Français dit qu'il est "fauché" ou "fauché comme les blés", ça ne veut pas dire qu'on l'a attaqué avec une faucille, un outil utilisé pour récolter le blé. Il veut plutôt dire qu'il est démuni d'argent (ou en français branché: on manque de fric). Aujourd'hui peu de Français savent encore manier la faux, mais tout le monde sait ce que c'est d'être fauché.

Une fois coupé, le blé va au moulin pour devenir de la farine. Il existe des moulins à vents, des moulins à eau et même des "moulins à paroles". Pourtant, ce dernier moulin n'est pas une structure véritable, mais une expression pour une personne qui très bavarde. "Vous avez entendu le discours du maire? C'est un vrai moulin à paroles, lui". Tout comme un vrai moulin produit un flot constant de farine ou de bois coupé, un moulin à paroles produit un flot de mots.

Disons que vous vous trouvez un jour dans un café chic à Paris. Tout d'un coup, le type à la table en face de la vôtre crie, "La vache, ce repas est vraiment excellent"! Est-ce que vous vous tournez pour voir un troupeau qui descend les Champs-Élysées? Bien sûr que non, parce que vous savez que "la vache" est une expression qui exprime le plaisir. C'est comme dire "fantastique". Pourquoi est-ce qu'un animal est devenu une interjection? C'est difficile à dire, mais cela devrait avoir ses origines dans un monde où l'on voyait régulièrement des vaches.

Une autre expression bovine utilisée souvent par les Français est l'adverbe "vachement", qui a le même sens que "très" ou "extrêmement". Il est très commun de dire en français: "J'ai trouvé le film vachement bien", même s'il n'y avait pas la moindre vache dans le film. L'origine de ce mot-ci n'est peut-être pas agricole mais plutôt une corruption du mot "vastement". Cet adverbe se trouve dans le langage littéraire et a le sens de "largement" ou "grandement".

Dans plusieurs langues, on utilise comme mots tendres des mots qui se réfèrent à l'alimentation. En anglais on a souvent tendance à utiliser des mots qui évoquent les sucreries. Dans certaines régions des Etats-Unis, on va jusqu'à appeler les gens "sucre"! En français, les mot tendres sont souvent plus terre à terre. On pourrait appeler la personne aimée "mon petit chou". Une personne très gentille et serviable est aussi "un chou". Par exemple, on pourrait dire, "Sois un chou et apporte-moi mes lunettes, s'il te plaît". Est-ce qu'un citadin aurait pu créer un tel surnom?

Les idiotismes trouvent leurs origines dans tous les aspects de la vie quotidienne. En français, cette vie autrefois était agricole. Et maintenant? Quelle sera la source des idiotismes du 21ème siècle? Sera-ce l'ordinateur et l'Internet, les voyages interplanétaires ou le petit bureau du cadre moyen (style Dilbert)? Ecoutez attentivement pour apprendre la réponse.


In English:
 
A language's idioms are the result of the entire cultural history of those who speak the language. A part of life that no longer exists can remain up-to-date though popular expressions. Today, France is an industrialized nation, but this was not always the case. To get an impression of modern France's agricultural roots, listen to some French idioms.

If a French speaker claims to be "reaped" or "reaped like the wheat," it does not mean that someone has gone after him with a sickle, the instrument used to harvest wheat. Instead, it indicates a lack of money (or in hip French: one lacks bread). You would be hard-pressed today to find many Frenchmen who know how to reap, but everyone knows what it is to be broke.

Once cut, wheat goes to the mill to become flour. One comes across windmills, water mills and even "word mills." This last mill is not a physical structure, but an expression for a person who talks a lot. "Did you hear the mayor's speech? He is really longwinded." Just as a mill produces a constant flow of flour or cut wood, a "word mill" produces a flow of words.

Let's say that one day you are in a chic Paris café. Suddenly, the guy at the table in front of yours cries out, "The cow, this meal is really great!" If you turn around, will you see a herd wandering down the Champs-Élysées? Of course not, because you know that "the cow" is simply an expression that indicates pleasure, just like saying "fantastic." How is it that an animal became an interjection? That is difficult to say, but one must imagine that it originated in a world where cows were a common sight.

Another bovine idiom often used in French is the adverb "cowly", which means "very" or "extremely." In French, it is very common to say, "I found the film cowly good," even if there is not a single cow in the movie. The origin of this term may not be agricultural so much as a corruption of the word "vastement," a literary adverb that means "greatly."

In many languages, words referring to food become endearments. In English, we often use words that bring to mind sweet foods. In some parts of the United States, people are even called "sugar." In French, endearments are often more down to earth. One might call a loved one "my little cabbage." A very nice and obliging person is also called "a cabbage," as in the example, "Please be a dear and get me my glasses." Would a city-dweller have created such an endearment?

Idioms originate in every aspect of daily life. In French, that life was once agricultural. And now? What will be the source for the 21st century's idioms? Will it be computers and the Internet, interplanetary travel or the middle management cubicles that we know from Dilbert? Listen carefully to learn the answer.
 

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