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French Articles
Dear Language Enthusiast,

Welcome to the French Monthly, the Internet newsletter from Transparent Language. This issue marks the second in our three-part series looking back on some of the most notable people, events, and accomplishments of the 20th century. This month’s article focuses on some of the great civil leaders and humanitarians from Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. We hope you find it both informative and useful in your language study. In May, we will conclude the series with a look at Latin American artists, writers and filmmakers who helped shape our view of the 20th century.

Sincerely,
Transparent Language
www.transparent.com


En français:

Même en limitant la durée de notre étude à peu d'années, nous nous devrions cependant nous rendre à l'évidence que le nombre d'individus dignes de notre attention de par leurs efforts pour améliorer les conditions dans leurs communautés, dans leur pays ou sur le plan mondial, quant à lui, n'a pas de limites. Ce bulletin rend hommage à l'accomplissement de quelques leaders humanitaires et civils d'Asie, du Proche Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord dont l'influence, durant le vingtième siècle, fut internationalement reconnue.

Eisaku Sato fut Premier Ministre du Japon de 1964 à 1972. Il est largement reconnu pour sa diplomatie à construire des relations de paix internationale au sein de l'Asie, mais également avec le reste du monde. Son rejet des armes nucléaires, qui conduisit à un accord de non- prolifération de l'armement nucléaire, lui valut le Prix Nobel de la Paix en 1974.

En Chine, Sun Yat-sen (Dr. Sun Yixian) était un leader révolutionnaire dont l'objectif politique était de renverser le trône de la Dynastie Qing en Chine et d'établir une République. Ses ambitions comprenaient une importante industrialisation de la Chine. Il servit en tant que Président Provisoire de la République de Chine en 1911 et plus tard, dirigea la Chine de 1923 à 1925. Beaucoup le considèrent comme le Père de la Chine moderne.

Bstan-'dzin-rgya-mtsho fut intronisé comme le quatorzième dalaï-lama au Tibet en 1940 alors qu'il n'avait que cinq ans. Il s'enfuit pour l'Inde en 1959 après que les habitants du Tibet se soient révoltés, sans succès, contre le gouvernement chinois, et établirent un gouvernement d'exil dans les montagnes de l'Himalaya. Le Prix Nobel de la Paix lui fut attribué en 1989, en reconnaissance de ses méthodes pacifiques pour protester contre les lois chinoises au Tibet.

En 1991, la Commission Nobel décerna son Prix de la Paix à Aung San Suu Kyi, une protestante pacifique pour la démocratie et les droits humains à Myanmar, alors appelé Birmanie. Pour ces actions, elle fut maintenue en résidence surveillée pendant six ans (de 1989 à 1995). Elle était toujours maintenue isolée lorsqu'elle reçut le Prix Nobel.

Golda Meir était un fin dirigeant politique, dévouée à Israël et à son indépendance. Elle fut Premier Ministre d'Israël de 1969 à 1974 et fut reconnue pour ses efforts à maintenir la paix dans le Proche Orient durant ces années. Ce n'est qu'après sa mort en 1978 que le public découvrit qu'elle avait lutté contre la leucémie pendant les douze années qui précédèrent sa mort.

Anwar el-Sadat, un officier de l'armée égyptienne, fut Président de l'Egypte de 1970 à 1981. Il travailla avec le Premier Ministre israélien Manachem Begin afin d'établir des liens de paix entre leurs deux pays. Les deux leaders reçurent le Prix Nobel de la Paix en 1978 pour leurs négociations. En 1979, la paix fut atteinte entre les deux pays.

En Inde, Mohandas Gandhi (communément appelé Mahatma Gandhi) est respecté de façon internationale pour ses principes de résistance passive et de protestations non violentes envers les lois britanniques en Inde. Ses campagnes pour les droits civils ont inspiré et touché le monde entier, donnant espoir à beaucoup, y compris Albert Einstein qui souhaitait que les encouragements de non-violence de Ghandi puissent empêcher la violence générée par la bombe atomique.

Il se peut que ces personnages de l'histoire moderne vous soient déjà familiers. Dans tous les cas, nous espérons que vous avez pris plaisir au regard porté à quelques-uns de nos grands leaders et, qui sait, découvert quelque chose de nouveau!
In English:
 
Even if we confine our study to a brief span of years, there are countless individuals whose efforts to improve conditions in their communities, countries, or on a global scale deserve attention. This Newsletter pays tribute to the accomplishments of a few important humanitarians and civil leaders from Asia, the Middle East and Northern Africa whose influence was internationally recognized in the twentieth century.

Eisaku Sato served as prime minister of Japan from 1964-1972. He is widely recognized for his diplomacy in building peaceful international relations both within Asia and with other parts of the world. His rejection of nuclear arms, which led to the signing of the Treaty on the Non- proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, earned him the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1974.

From China, Sun Yat-sen (Dr. Sun Yixian) was a revolutionary leader whose political agenda focused on overthrowing the Qing dynasty in China to establish a republic. His aims included large-scale industrialization in China. He served as provisional president of the Chinese republic in 1911 and later led China from 1923-25. Many consider him to be the father of modern China.

Bstan-'dzin-rgya-mtsho was enthroned as the fourteenth Dalai Lama in Tibet in 1940 when he was only five years old. He fled to India in 1959 after the Tibetan people's unsuccessful revolt against the Chinese government, and established a government in exile in the Himalayan Mountains. The Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to him in 1989, in recognition of his nonviolent methods of protest against Chinese rule in Tibet.

In 1991, the Nobel Committee awarded its Prize for Peace to Aung San Suu Kyi, a peaceful protester for democracy and human rights in Myanmar, then called Burma. For those actions, she was kept under house arrest for six years (1989-1995). She was still in isolation when she received the Nobel Prize.

Golda Meir was an astute political leader devoted to Israel and its independence. She served as prime minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974 and was recognized for her efforts to maintain peace in the Middle East during those years. Only after her death in 1978 did the public discover that she had been fighting leukemia for twelve years before her death.

Anwar el-Sadat, an Egyptian army officer, served as the president of Egypt from 1970 to 1981. He worked with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin to establish peaceful ties between their countries. Both leaders received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1978 for their negotiations. In 1979, peace was reached between the two countries.

Mohandas Gandhi of India (commonly called Mahatma Gandhi) is internationally respected for his method of passive resistance and nonviolent protest against British rule in India. His civil rights campaigns inspired and touched the world, and lent hope to many--even Albert Einstein, who hoped that Ghandi's promotion of nonviolence could help prevent the violence made possible by the atomic bomb.

Some of these figures of modern history may already be familiar to you. In any case, we hope that you've enjoyed this look at a few great leaders and even discovered something new!
 

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